Software merupakan kode program yang disusun sedemikian rupa secara
sistematis untuk mencapai suatu tujuan. Pada setiap sistem komputer
harus terdapat software karena tanpa software interaksi antara brainware
dengan hardware tidak memungkinkan. Dari segi fungsinya software dapat
dikelompokkan kedalam:
1. Sistem operasi (operating system)
Sistem operasi merupakan software yang digunakan untuk mengelola
sumber daya – sumber daya (resources) komputer. Dari segi pengaksesannya
software sistem operasi dapat dibagi atas dua bagian yaitu:
- sistem operasi server
- sistem operasi client
2. Bahasa pemrograman (programming language)
Software yang digunakan untuk merancang software-software pada suatu
sistem komputer. Dari segi kemiripannya dengan bahasa manusia, software
bahasa pemrograman dapat dikelompokkkan kedalam:
- bahasa pemrograman tingkat rendah, cth : bahasa mesin
- bahasa pemrograman tingkat menengah, cth : bahasa assembly
- bahasa pemrograman tingkat tinggi, cth : bahasa pascal, c, prolog, fortran, cobol
- bahasa pemrograman tingkat sangat tinggi, cth : visual basic, delphi, foxpro, visual c++
Dari struktur datanya, bahasa pemrograman juga dapat dikelompokkan kedalam:
- bahasa pemrograman terstruktur, cth : pascal, c, cobol
- bahasa pemrograman berbasis obyek, cth : visual basic, visual C#, visual c++, visual web developer
- bahasa pemrograman tidak terstruktur, cth : Structured Query Language
3. Aplikasi (application)
Software yang dibentuk untuk menjalankan fungsi tertentu seperti
pengolahan kata, angka, presentasi, animasi, multimedia dan sebagainya.
Berdasarkan fungsinya aplikasi dapat dikelompokkan kedalam:
- aplikasi pengolah kata (word processing application), cth : Microsfot Word
- aplikasi pengolah data (database processing application), cth : Microsfot Access
- aplikasi pengolah angka (numerical processing application), cth : Microsfot Excel
- aplikasi pengolah gambar (image processing application), cth : Photoshop
- aplikasi pengolah animasi (animation processing application), cth : Flash
- aplikasi pengolah suara (audio processing application), cth : Jet Audio
- aplikasi pengolah multimedia (multimedia processing application), cth : 3D Max
- aplikasi pengolah presentasi (presentation processing application), cth : Microsfot Power Point
- aplikasi pengolah statistik (statistic processing application), cth : SPSS
- aplikasi pengolah matematika (mathematic processing application), cth : Matlab
- dsb
4. Utiliti (Utility)
Software yang digunakan untuk mendayagunakan fungsi-fungsi komputer
dan fungsinya sangat spesifik seperti register, defragmenter, norton
utiliti dan sebagainya.
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